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2. Code Refactoring In C
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Professional refactoring in C♯ & ASP.NET. [Danijel Arsenovski] Home. WorldCat Home About WorldCat Help. Search for Library Items Search for Lists Search for Contacts Search for a Library. Create lists, bibliographies and reviews: or Search WorldCat. Find items in libraries near you. Book Description Refactoring is an effective way to quickly uncover problematic code and fix it. In this first book to provide a hands-on approach to refactoring in C# and ASP.NET, you?ll discover to apply refactoring techniques to manage and modify your code.

10 May 2016CPOL

In this article I show how you can leverage the capability of Visual Studio 2015 in optimizing your code.

Introduction

Code Refactoring has always been a challenge for developers. This is one of the major skills that a developer should have to write optimized, clean and fast code. There were third party tools available to help you achieve this, but none have shown that capability that Visual Studio 2015 has come up with. Visual Studio has always offered code refactoring techniques in titbits, but the latest version of Visual Studio provides a unique experience altogether to achieve refactoring. There are many features that refactoring of code in Visual Studio provides. We’ll cover a few of them like inline temporary variable and introduce local. Refactoring w.r.t. inline temporary variable and introduce local is not only limited to C# but VB developers can also leverage this feature. We’ll cover the topic with one small method as an example and try to optimize it as far as we can. One thing is worth taking care of that code refactoring software and techniques are only meant for sharp developers. If you don’t have an idea what the new code will do and it looks strange to you, you should never try it.

Learning Visual Studio 2015 Series

Case Study

I am taking an example of MyProducts class that we created in earlier section.

We’ll add one more method to this class. The objective of that method will be to return all products from the product list whose price is greater than 30000. I am trying to keep the logic and method very simple for the sake of understanding. I have kept the name of this method as FetchProduct(). Notice that we already had two methods with the same name. Now this will also work as an overload to the FetchProduct() method.

The above mentioned method is very simple in nature and contains a LINQ query that fetches products having price greater than 30000. When you call this method from Program.cs and iterate over the elements we get following result.

Program.cs code is as follows.

So our method is working fine. The question is how much further we can optimize this method. When you click in between products variable, the light bulb icon will show up with some suggestions that you can apply to this line to optimize.

Now inline temporary variables come in the picture. The light bulb icon says to remove this variable and bring that code to a single line. When you preview the changes that this code assistance is suggesting you get following preview window.

It shows that the temporary products variable will be replaced with productList itself, therefore helping us to save number of lines as well as memory allocation for a variable. Click on apply changes and you’ll get the refactored code.

Now can this code be further refactored. You can take help from light bulb icon. Either click inbetween the productList variable or right click on the productList variable and open Quick Actions from context menu.

We see here, productList is also a temporary variable and it is suggested to remove that too. Let us preview changes and apply them to get more optimized code. Doing this the productList variable will be replaced by a single return statement, but you’ll notice an error here. If you remember, I said that code refactoring is for intelligent and sharp developers. We see here that while refactoring the code, LINQ query is not encapsulated in the bracket and the ToList() method is directly applied to 'p' variable. We have to rectify this by putting brackets around LINQ query. This was one of the scenario, and you may face many of such. So you have to be sure about the change that you are about to do. Visual Studio only suggests, it does not code for you.

Now we have a single return statement. Our code has reduced to just one line and we also saved memory by ignoring temporary variables. This certainly makes the code faster, but can we further optimize this method? Let’s take a shot and click on the return statement. You’ll see the light bulb icon again shows up with some suggestions.

It says that the method could be converted to an expression bodied member. Let us preview the change.

The preview says that the method is converted into an expression. Looking at this I do not find any issue. So we can certainly opt this option for the sake of refactoring. Press apply changes and we get following code.

Now if you try to further optimize this method, you’ll not find much scope.

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Conclusion

This was just a small example that I showed on how you can leverage the capability of Visual Studio 2015 in optimizing your code. In the next section of this series I’ll be covering topics like debugging features in Visual Studio 2015.

I am about to starting to work on a project which involves refactoring and modifying existing code which is in c & c++. The code is a bloated one and is in huge volume. Of course since the code needs to be modified, an understanding of the code has to be developed and in a very short span of time since we have some pretty time pressed project schedule. Can anyone please suggest any open source tools which will help in achieving the above. In short what I am looking for is tool which can:

1. Reverse engineering tools which will help understand the design.
2. Sequence generator tools which will help draw sequences at run time(Most probably we will be able to run the code, but not in the initial stages at least) or through code examination.
3. Good code browsing tools to study the existing code base.
4. Suitable tool which can auto refactor code with minimal efforts.

Please do tell me about any experiences,preferences or favorites worth looking out for.

[EDIT] Came up with a list of tools to help in above. Here's the list:

1. Graphviz & doxygen
   Generate UML class diagrams from existing code base

2. UMLStudio
   Creating an object model for your OO legacy code is the best approach to analysing, understanding and maintaining it. UMLStudio can automatically convert C++, Java, CORBA IDL, PHP 5, and Ada 95 code into OOA&D notation faster than any other CASE tool.

3. CodeDrawer for C++
   The CodeDrawer converts source code to visual based diagrams. Class, struct, and any elements of source code can be shown diagrams. It also shows the logics of a function and a method. The CodeDrawer helps understand source code of your project

4. Imagix
   Reverse engineering and visualization of source code lead to improved program comprehension. Speeds: Learning Unfamiliar Code Change Impact Analysis Integrating Open Source Code Code Reuse Software Maintenance

5. AgileJAgileJ StructureViews is a plug-in for the Eclipse Java IDE which generates highly customisable UML class diagrams on an industrial scale, ideal for agile development or exploration of any existing Java codebase.

6. MaintainJIf you can run the code base then MaintainJ generates UML sequence and class diagrams at runtime when you run a particular use case.

7. Java Reverse Engineering ToolGenerates class diagrams and relations between classes from Java source code.

8. Source InsightGreat source browsing software

One more, Thanks to Steve Townsend
Klocwork

6 Answers

The code is a bloated one and is in huge volume. Ofcourse since the code needs to be modified an understanding of the code has to be developed and in a very short span of time since we have some pretty time pressed project schedule.

Then you have a management problem : if you already know you have little time to UNDERSTAND a lot of code, you're doomed. To understand this code, you'll have to make it run and go through it and it will take time. Tools will just give you a big map of things but will not show you the real path.

Suitable tool which can auto refactor code with minimal efforts.

You're living in wonderland.

There are tools that gives you the structural architecture of you application, but that will not really help without going through each module one by one and read the code. Playinator 4.1 patch: software free download. First the code that use the modules, then the code inside the modules.

The fact that it's C and C++ makes it even harder to define the time that it will take you as it's also relative to the knowledge you have of those languages and the level of knowledge of the people who wrote the app.

The first question you should ask is 'how do I make sure any changes we make do not break the system?'. Yet your question does not mention tests at all. That's a red flag to me.

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I agree with others that tools are not the solution (not likely to turn up in the form you want, not likely to be 100% trustworthy on their own).

Your goal should be to quickly identify the area(s) to be changed - I would do this via inspection and running the code (preferably in existing tests - do you have them?), and make sure you have comprehensive unit and system test coverage on them before you touch a single line. Without that base, you are going to be flying blind and deadlines are way more at risk.

At the very least, if you don't have good tests, communicate this concern to your line upfront so that if things go pear-shaped you are seen to have raised the issue.

You could look at something like this - not used myself though: Klokwork Architect

There are very few tools that can parse and transform C and C++ code. As a first step, parsing of these languages is considered hard all by itself. Another key problem is the preprocessor, which is used pretty abusively (e.g., not in a structured way) in C programs and makes it difficult for a parser to see the program structure, and consequently difficult for an analyzer (needed to decide when refactorings are legal) to do its analysis correctly.

Modulo these glitches, our DMS Software Reengineering Toolkit can be configured to carry out refactorings on C and C++ code. DMS has industrial strength parsers for C and C++ and uniquely can capture most preprocessor uses as part of the internal code structures (typically people trying to parse C/C++ expand the preprocessor directives away, and that isn't an option for refactoring).

We've used it to carry out massive code reorganizations on C++ code (where preprocessor abuse is minimal because C++ has a variety of other ways to configure code). We also done some automated reengineering of C systems, but with somewhat more effort to handle the abusive preprocessor uses.

What it is not is interactive. You have to plan the refactoring transformations and specify them with a pattern matching language. But it is reliable.

I just thought I'd add a note that CTAGS/ECTAGS is very useful when studying/refactoring an unknown codebase, especially when using a tool like Emacs/CEDET.

1. If you have the source, technically it's not reverse engineering. You can use the very good Doxygen to generate documentation (including diagrams - install GraphViz too!) : link
2. No idea, not sure it exists.
3. Your web browser, along with Doxygen, if you enable source code browsing. Visual Studio, with right click for jumping to definitions, and the debugger to step through the code and gain an understanding of its working (use and abuse the Step Out command).
4. There are tools to do refactoring, but minimal effort and 'auto refactor' are very very hard to achieve, I don't think you find tools for that.

Code Refactoring In C

5 agilej (http://www.agilej.com/) AgileJ StructureViews is a plug-in for the Eclipse Java IDE which generates highly customisable UML class diagrams on an industrial scale, ideal for agile development or exploration of any existing Java codebase.

AgileJ applies to your points 1 (reverse engineering to help understand the design) and 3 (Good code browsing tools to study the existing code base). Bloated code that has been rapidly slapped together generally shows up as things like:

• One or two large classes which act as the dumping ground for each bit of last minute functionality (the blob anti pattern)
• Cut and paste code where a whole class has been copied and tweaked for a new purpose rather than factoring out the common parts to a base class first
• Lack of OO as evidenced by many classes with only get and set methods
• Dependencies are matted, everything depends on everything else throughout the project and there is no layering within the architecture

There are plenty more traits which can be added to this list but the above are made more obvious on a class diagram.

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